Last modified April 2013

"The present climate is unusual". Probably each of us has said or thought this sentence in recent times. But what does the word "unusual" means? Have present warm conditions already occured 100, 500, 1000 years ago? Are storms now more frequent and more intense than,say, 300 years ago, where European climate was undergoing one of the most coolest phases of the past few millennia? Were the recent warm temperatures "normal" in the past warm centuries, around 1000 years ago? We try to answer these questions by simulating past climates with comprehensive climate models. These simulations, together with the analysis of biological and geological climate archives, can provide usuful information about past climate conditions and extreme climate events and about how and why they varied.

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Projects [ DFG: German Science Foundation; BMBF: Federal Ministry for Research; EU: European Union ]

• Influence of large-scale climate variability on upwelling regimes off the Namibian coast:imlications for past and future climates. Sub-project in GENUS-II (Geochemistry and Ecology of the Namibian Upwelling System), funded by BMBF, start May 2012
• Climate signals in coastal deposits. Subproject in REKLIM. Start January 2012.
• Neue statistische Verfahren für amplitudenoptimierte Paläeoklimarekonstruktionen aus zeitlich hochaufgelösten verrauschten Proxydaten, funded by the DFG, start October 2011.
• Precipitation in the past millennia in Europe -Extension back to Roman times(PRIME-II, funded by the German Science Foundation, start end 2011).
• The future climate of the Hamburg region under the assumption of a global temperature increase of two Kelvin (Hamburg 2K, funded by the DFG within the cluster of excellence CLISAP "Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction")
• Precipitation in the past millennium in Europe (PRIME,funded by the German Science Foundation, start September 2009).
• Advanced modeling tool for scenarios of the Baltic Sea ECOsystem to SUPPORT decision making (ECOSUPPORT, funded by the EU-BMBF, s tart January 2009).
• Plussee long-term data acquisition and analysis (PLUSDATA, funded by the DFG within the cluster of excellence CLISAP "Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction").
• European Climate of the last millennium (MILLENNIUM European Climate, funded by the EU).
• Relationships between Baltic Sea level variations and periods of rapid climate change in the Holocene as analogues for future cha nges (SINCOS-2, funded by the DFG).
• Integrated Baltic Sea Environmental Study (IBSEN, funded by the BMBF/DEKLIM).
• Coral climate history of the subtropical North Atlantic - High resolution proxy records from Bermuda (CORCLIM, funded by the BMBF /DEKLIM).
• Simulations, Observations and Palaeodata -climate variability over the last 500 years (SO&P, funded by the EU).
• Sinking coasts -Climate related sea-level variations in the Baltic Sea in the last few thousand years (SINCOS, funded by the DFG).
• Climate Change at the end of the Eemian warm period (EEM, funded by the BMBF/DEKLIM).
• Regional Atmospheric Models in the Simulation of Hydrological Extremes (RAMSHES, funded by the CICYT, Spain).
• Frequency and intensity of heavy precipitations in Mediterranean Spain within a modified climate (FIRME, funded by the CICYT, Spain).
• Natural climate variability in historical times (KIHZ, funded by the Helmholtz Society).

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Publications

• J. J. Gómez-Navarro, J. P. Montávez, S. Wagner, and E. Zorita. A regional climate palaeosimulation for Europe in the period 1500-1990 - Part 1: Model validation. Submitted to Climate of the Past.
• Bothe, O., Jungclaus, J. H., Zanchettin, D., and Zorita, E. Climate of the last millennium: ensemble consistency of simulations and reconstructions. Clim. Past, 9, 1089-1110, doi:10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013, 2013.
• Pages 2K Consortium. Continental-scale temperature variability over the Common Era. Nature Geosciences (2013) doi:0.1038/ngeo1797
• D. McCarroll, N.J. Loader, R. Jalkanen, M.H. Gagen, H. Grudd, B.E. Gunnarson, A.J. Kirchhefer, M. Friedrich, H.W. Linderholm, M. Lindholm, T. Boettger, S. O. Los, S. Remmele, Y.M. Kononov, Y.H. Yamazaki,G.H.F. Young and Eduardo Zorita. A 1200-year multiproxy record of tree growth and summer temperature at the northern pine forest limit of Europe. The Holocene, in press.
• Fernandez-Donado L,J., F. Gonzalez-Rouco,C.C. Raible, C.M. Ammann, D. Barriopedro, E. García-Bustamante, J.H. Jungclaus , S.J. Lorenz, J. Luterbacher, S.J. Phipps, J. Servonnat, D. Swingedouw, S.F.B. Tett, S. Wagner, P. Yiou, and E. Zorita. Large-scale temperature response to external forcing in simulations and reconstructions of the last millennium. Climate of the Past 9,393-421 (2013).
• Gómez-Navarro, J.J, Montávez, J.P, Jerez, S., Jiménez-Guerrero, P., Zorita, E.. What is the role of the observational dataset in the evaluation and scoring of climate models? . Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L24701, doi:10.1029/2012GL054206 (2012)
• Gustafsson B.G., Schenk F., Blenckner T., Eilola K., Meier H.E.M., Muller-Karulis B., Neumann T., Ruoho-Airola T., Savchuk O.P., Zorita E. Reconstructing the development of Baltic Sea eutrophication 1850-2006. Ambio 41, 534-548 doi:10.1007/s13280-012-0318-x (2012).
• Meier H.E., , Andersson H.C: , Arheimer B., Blenckner T., Chubarenko B. ,Donnelly C., Eilola K., Gustafsson B.G., Hansson A., Havenhand J., Höglund A., Kuznetsov I., MacKenzie B.R., Muller-Karulis B., Neumann T., Niiranen S., Piwowarczyk J., Raudsepp U., Reckermann M., Ruoho-Airola T., Savchuk O.P., Schenk.F, Schimanke S., Väli G., Weslawski J.-M and Zorita E. Comparing reconstructed past variations and future projections of the Baltic Sea ecosystem --first results from multi-model ensemble simulations. Env. Res. Lett. 7, 034005 (2012).
• Barkhordarian, A., von Storch H., and Zorita E. The observed surface specific humidity changes over the Mediterranean region has very likely an anthropogenic origin.. Geophys.Res. Letters 39, L19706, doi:10.1029/2012GL053026 (2012)
• J. Esper, D. C. Frank, M. Timonen, E. Zorita, R. J. S. Wilson, J. Luterbacher, S. Holzkämper, N. Fischer, S. Wagner, D. Nievergelt, A. Verstege, U. Büntgen. Orbital forcing of tree-ring data. Nature Climate Change 2, 862-866 doi:10.1038/nclimate1589 (2012).
• Rösner,R., Müller-Navarra, D., and Zorita,E. Trend analysis of weekly temperatures and oxygen concentrations during summer stratification in Lake Plußsee: A long-term study. Limnology and Oceanography, in press.
• E.Zorita. A basic introduction to climate modeling and its uncertainties. In: M. Reckermann, K. Brander, B. MacKenzie and A. Omstedt (eds): Climate Impacts on the Baltic Sea: From Science to Policy, in press (Flyer)
• G. Esnaola, J. Sáenz, E. Zorita, P. Lazure, U. Ganzedo, A. Fontón, G. Ibarra-Berastegi, and A. Ezcurra. Coupled air-sea interaction patterns and surface heat-flux feedback in the Bay of Biscay. Journal of Geophysical Research,in press.
• F. Schenk and E. Zorita. Reconstruction of high resolution atmospheric fields for Northern Europe using analog-upscaling. Clim. Past, 8, 1681-1703 (2012)
• I. Dorado-Liñán, U. Büntgen, F. González-Rouco, E. Zorita, J. P. Montávez J. J. González-Navarro, M. Brunet, I. Heinrich, G. Helle, and E. Gutiérrez. Estimating 750 years of temperature variations and its uncertainties in the Pyrenees by tree-ring reconstructions and climate simulations. Climate of the Past 8, 919-933 doi:10.5194/cp-8-919-2012 (2012).
• Cunningham, L.K., Austin, W.E.N, Knudson, K-L, Eiriksson, J, Scourse, J, Wanamaker Jnr, A., Butler, P., Cage, A., Kristensen, D.K., Richter, T., Husum, K., Hald, M., Andersson, C., Zorita, E, Linderholm, H., Gunnarson, B., Sicre, M.A., Sejrup, H.P., Jiang, H., and Wilson, R.J.S.. Reconstructions of surface ocean conditions from the North East Atlantic and Nordic Seas during the last millennium. Climate Dynamics, in press.
• J. J. Gómez-Navarro, J. P. Montávez S. Jerez, P. Jiménez-Guerrero, R. Lorente-Plazas, J. F. González-Rouco, E. Zorita. Internal and external variability in regional simulations of the Iberian Peninsula climate over the last millennium. Climate of the Past 8, 25-36 (2012).
• U. Ganzedo ,G.Esnaola, A.Alvera-Azcárate, J. Sáen, E. Zorita, G.Ibarra-Berástegui, A. Ezcurra and A. Fontán. Sea Surface temperature in the Bay of Biscay by means of DINEOF. 1985 to 2009 period. Submitted to Journal of Geophys. Res.
• S. Jerez, J. P. Montavez, P. Jimenez-Guerrero, J. .J Gomez-Navarro, R. Lorente, E. Zorita. A multi-physics ensemble of present-day climate simulations over the Iberian Peninsula: Assessing the role of parameterization schemes. Climate Dynamics, in press doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1539-1.
• J. J. Gómez-Navarro, J. P. Montávez, S. Jerez, P. Jiménez-Guerrero, R. Lorente-Plazas, J. F. González-Rouco, and E. Zorita. A regional climate simulation over the Iberian Peninsula for the last millennium. Climate of the Past 7, 451 doi: 10.5194/cp-7-451-2011 (2011).
• Smerdon J.E., Kaplan A., Zorita E., González-Rouco J.F., and Evans M.H. Spatial Performance of Four Climate Field Reconstruction Methods Targeting the Common Era. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11705, doi:10.1029/2011GL047372 (2011)
• J. Luterbacher, R. García-Herrera, A. R. Allan, M.C. Álvarez-Castro, G. Benito, J. Booth, U. Büntgen, D. Colombaroli, B. Davis, J. Esper, T. Felis, D. Fleitmann, D. Frank, D. Gallego, E. García-Bustamante, F.J. González-Rouco, H. Goosse, T. Kiefer, M.G. Macklin, S.W. Manning, P. Montagna, L. Newman, M.J. Power, V. Rath, P. Ribera, N. Roberts, S. Silenzi, W. Tinner, P.C. Tzedakis, B. Valero-Garces, G. van der Schrier, B. Vannière, H. Wanner, J.P. Werner, G. Willett, E. Xoplaki, C.S. Zerefos, E. Zorita. A Review of 2000 years of paleoclimatic evidence in the Mediterranean. In: Lionello et al. (eds.), The Mediterranean Climate: from past to future. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in press.
• M. Gagen, E. Zorita, D. McCarroll, G.H.F. Young, H. Grudd, R. Jalkanen, N.J. Loader, I. Robertson, and A. Kirchhefer. Cloud response to summer temperatures in Fennoscandia over the last thousand years. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L05701, doi:10.1029/2010GL046216 (2011).
• Frank, D., J. Esper, E. Zorita, R. Wilson. A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate: a perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change 1, 507-516 (2010) , doi: 10.1002/wcc.53 (2010).
• R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, J. Luterbacher, A. Moberg, C. Pfister, D. Wheeler, E. Zorita. European climate of the last 500 years: new challanges for historical climatology. Climatic Change 101, 7-40, doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9783-z (2010).
• J. Luterbacher, S.J. Koenig, J. Franke, G. van der Schrier, P.M. Della-Marta, J. Jacobeit, M. Küttel,F.J. González-Rouco, E. Zorita, E. Xoplaki, M. Stössel, T. Rutishauser, H. Wanner, C. Pfister, R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, D. Camuffo, C. Bertolin, A. Moberg, L. Leijonhufvud, J. Soderberg, R. Allan, R. Wilson, D. Wheeler, M. Barriendos, R. Glaser, D. Riemann, O. Nordli, D. Limanówka, A. van Engelen, C.S. Zerefos. Circulation dynamics and its influence on European and Mediterranean January-April climate over the past half millennium: Results and insights from instrumental data, documentary proxy evidence and coupled climate models. Climatic Change 101, 201-234, doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9782-0 (2010).
• Luterbacher, J., Xoplaki, E., Küttel, M., Rutishauser, T., Stössel, M., Wanner, H., Gonález-Rouco, F.J., Zorita, E., Wibig, J., Przybylak, R., and Jones, P.D.: In: R. Przybylak et al. (eds.), The Polish Climate in the European Context: An Historical Overview; DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3167-9_1, 3-39 (2010).
• E. Zorita, A. Moberg, L. Leijonhufvud, R. Wilson, R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, J. Luterbacher, R. Böhm, Ch. Pfister, R. Glaser, J. Söderberg, F. González-Rouco. European temperature records of the past five centuries based on documentary information compared to climate simulations. Climatic Change 101, 143-168, doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9824-7 (2010).
• U. Ganzedo, E. Zorita, A. P. Solari, G. Chust, A. Santana del Pino, J. Polanco and J. J. Castro. What drives the tuna capture between the XVI (1525) and XVII (1756)centuries in Southern Europe? ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 66, 1595 - 160 (2009).
• H. von Storch, E. Zorita and F. González-Rouco. Relationships between global mean sea-level and global mean temperature and heat-flux in a climate simulation of the past millennium. Ocean Dynamics, 58, 227-236, DOI 10.1007/s10236-088-0142-9 (2009).
• Jian Liu, Bin Wang, Qinghua Ding, Xueyuan Kuang, Willie Soon , and Eduardo Zorita. Centennial variations of the global monsoon precipitation in the last millennium: Results from ECHO-G model. Journal of Climate 22, 2356-2371 (2009).
• J. F. González-Rouco, H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, and M. B. Stevens. Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling. Climate of the Past 97-127 (2009).
• H. von Storch, E. Zorita and F. González-Rouco. Assessement of three temperature reconstruction m ethods in the virtual reality of a climate simulation. International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, 67-82 (2009).
• E. Zorita, T. Stocker and H. von Storch. How unusual is the recent s eries of warm years? Geophysical Research Letters 35, L24706 doi:10.1029/GL036228 (2008). See comment by G. Bürger and our response.
• J. Smerdon, F. González-Rouco and E. Zorita. Comment on 'Robustness of proxy-based climate field reconstructions methods' by Mann et al. J. Geophys. Res. 113, D18106, doi:10.1029/2007JD00954 (2008).
• Matulla, C., X. Zahng, X.L. Wang, J. Wang, E. Zorita, S. Wagner and H. von Storch. Influence of similarity measures on the performance of the analog method for downscaling precipitation. Climate Dynamics 30, 133-144 (2008).
• B. Hünicke, J. Luterbacher, A. Pauling, and E. Zorita. Regional differences in winter sea-level variations in the Baltic Sea for the past 200 years. Tellus, Tellus 60A (2), 384-393 (2008).
• B. Hünicke and E. Zorita. Trends in the amplitude of Baltic Sea level annual cycle. Tellus, Tellus 60A (1), 154-164 (2008).
• M. Küttel, J. Luterbacher, E. Zorita, E. Xoplaki, N. Riedwyl and H. Wanner. Testing a European winter surface temperature reconstruction in a surrogate climate. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L07710,doi:101029/2006GL027907 (2007).
• I. Gouirand, V. Moron, E. Zorita. Teleconnections between ENSO and North Atlantic in an ECHO-G simulation of the 1000-1990 period. Geophysical Research Letters 34 L06706 doi:10.1029/2006GL028852 (2007).
• E. Fischer, J. Luterbacher, E. Zorita, S. Tett , C. Casty , H. Wanner. European climate response to tropical volcanic eruptions over the last half millennium. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L05707 doi: 10.1029/2006GL027992 (2007).
• E. Zorita, F. González-Rouco and H. von Storch. Comment to "Testing the fidelity of methods used in proxy-based reconstructions of past climate" by Mann et al.. J. Climate 20, 3693 (2007).
• J. Fernández, J.P Montávez, J. Sáenz, J.F. González-Rouco, and E. Zorita. Sensitivity of the MM5 mesoscale model to physical parametrizations for regional climate studies: annual cycle. J. Geophys. Res.,112, D04101, doi:10.1029/2005JD006649 (2007).
• I. Gouirand, A. Moberg and E. Zorita. Climate variability in Scandinavia for the past millennium simulated by an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. Tellus 59, 30-49 (2007).
• G. Hegerl, T. Crowley, M. Allen, W. Hyde, H. Pollack, J. Smerdon and E. Zorita. Detection of human influence on a new, validated 1500-year temperature reconstruction. J. of Climate 20, 650 (2007).
• D. Frías, E. Zorita, J. Fernández, C. Rodríguez-Puebla. Testing statistical downscaling methods in simulated climates. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L19807 (2006).
• H.v. Storch, E. Zorita, J. Jones, F. González-Rouco and S.F.B. Tett.Response to "Testing climate reconstructions by Rahmstorf". Science, 312, 1872-1873 (2006). This comment and our answer are not peer-reviewed. It is included in this list for the interested reader.
• H.v. Storch, E. Zorita, J. Jones, Y. Dimitriev, F. González-Rouco and S.F.B. Tett. Response to the comment by Wahl, Ritson and Amman "Reconstruction of century scale temperature variations". Science 312,529 (2006). See also the comment by Wahl et al. and a GKSS press release.
• T. Crueger,H. Kuhnert, J. Paetzold, E. Zorita. Calibrations of Bermuda corals against large-scale SST- and SLP-pattern time series and implications for climate reconstructions. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23103, doi:10.1029/2005JD006903 (2006).
• F. Gonzalez-Rouco,H. Beltrami, E. Zorita, H. von Storch. Simulation and inversion of borehole temperature profiles in simulated climates: Spatial distribution and surface coupling. Geophys. Res. Letters 33, L01703 (2006).
• B. Hünicke and E. Zorita. Influence of temperature and precipitation on decadal Baltic Sea level variations in 20th century. Tellus 58A, 141-153 (2006).
• M.A. Cane, P. Braconnot, A. Clement, H. Gildor, S. Joussaume, M. Kagayama, M. Khodri, D. Paillard, S. Tett, E. Zorita. Progress in Paleoclimate Modeling. Journal of Climate 19, 5031-5071 (2006).
• U. Cubasch, F. Kaspar, E. Zorita, K. Prömmel, H.v. Storch, F. González-Rouco. Simulation of the role of solar and orbital forcing on climate. Advances in Space Research 37, 1629-1634 (2006).
• H. von Storch and E. Zorita. Comment on "Hockey sticks, principal components and spurious significance" by S . McIntyre and R. McKitrick. Geophys. Research Letters, 32 L20701 (2005).
  See also the response by McIntyre and McKitrik.
• Liu, J., H. von Storch, X. Chen, E. Zorita, J. Zheng, and S. Wang. Simulated and reconstructed temperature in the eastern China during the last millennium. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(24): 2872-2877 (in Chinese. 2005,50(20):2251-2255) (2005).
• I. Fischer-Bruns, H. von Storch, J.F. González-Rouco and E. Zorita. Modelling the Variability of Midlatitude Storm Activity on Decadal to Century Time Scales. Climate Dynamics 25, 461-476 (2005).
• S. Wagner and E. Zorita. The influence of volcanic, solar and CO₂ forcing on the temperatures in the Dalton Minimum (1790-1830): a model study. Climate Dynamics 25, 205-218 (2005).
• H. Goosse, T. Crowley, E. Zorita, C. Amman, H. Renssen and E. Driesschaert. Modelling the climate of the last millennium. What causes the differences between models?.Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L06710 (2005).
• E. Zorita, F. González-Rouco, H. von Storch, J.P. Montavez and F. Valero. Natural and anthropogenic modes of surface temperature variations in the last thousand years. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L08707 (2005).
• S. Wagner, S. Legutke and E. Zorita. European winter temperature variability in a long coupled model simulation: the contribution of ocean dynamics. Climate Dynamics 25, 37-50 (2005).
• Storch, H. von, E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, Y. Dmitriev. F. González and S. F. B. Tett. Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science 306, 679-682 (2004).This paper was awarded the von-Sengbusch-Award as the most cited paper in 2004-2008 in the GKSS Research centre.
• Eduardo Zorita, Hans von Storch, Fidel González-Rouco, Ulrich Cubasch, Jürg Luterbacher, Stephanie Legutke, Irene Fischer-Bruns and Ulrich Schles e. Climate evolution in the last five centuries simulated by an atmosphere- ocean model: global temperatures, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Late M aunder Minimum. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 13, 271-289 (2004).
• D. Mueller-Navarra, M. Brett, S. Park, S. Chandra, A. Ballantyne, E. Zorita and C. Goldman. Seston unsaturated fatty acid content and tropho-dynamic coupling in lakes. Nature, 427, 69-72 (2004).
• F. González-Rouco, H. von Storch and E. Zorita. Deep soil temperature as proxy for surface air-temperature in a coupled model simulation of the last thousand years. Geophysical Research Letters 30, 2116-9 (2003).
• F. Feser, H. v. Storch, R. Weisse and E. Zorita. Aliasing in power spectra: comment on "Improved global maps and 54-year history of wind-work on ocean inertial motions" by M.H. Alford.Geophysical Research Letters 22, art. 2165 (2003).
• KIHZ-Consortium: J. Zinke, H. von Storch, B. Müller, E. Zorita, B. Rein, H. B. Mieding, H. Miller, A. Lücke, G.H. Schleser, M.J. Schwab, J.F.W. Negendank, U. Kienel, J.F. González-Ruoco, C. Dullo and A. Eisenhauser, 2003: Evidence for the climate during the Late Maunder Minimum from proxy data available within KIHZ. In H. Fischer, T. Kumke, G. Lohmann, G. Flöser, H. Miller, H von Storch und J. F. W. Negendank (Eds.): The KIHZ project: towards a synthesis of Holocene proxy data and climate models, Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York.
• Jesus Fernández, Jon Sáenz and Eduardo Zorita. Analysis of wintertime atmospheric moisture transport and its variability over the Mediterranean basin in the NCEP-Reanalyses. Climate Research 23, 195-215 (2003).
• G.N.Sumner,N.Romero, V. Homar, C. Ramis, S. Alonso and E. Zorita.An estimate of the effects of climate change on the rainfall of Mediterranean Spain by the late 21st century. Climate Dynamics 20, 789-805 (2003).
• E. Zorita, F. González-Rouco and S. Legutke. Testing the Mann et al. (1998) Approach to Paleoclimate Reconstructions in the Context of a 1000-Yr Control Simulation with the ECHO-G Coupled Climate M odel . Journal of Climate 16,1378-1390 (2003).
• Eduardo Zorita and Fidel González-Rouco. Are temperature-sensitive proxies adequate for North Atlantic Oscillation reconstructions?. Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (14), 48-1 - 48-4 (2002).
• E. Zorita and F. Tilya: Rainfall variability in North Tanzania in the March-May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing. Climate Research 20, 31-40 (2002).
• W. Petersen, U. Callies, L. Bertino and E. Zorita. Process identification by statistical analysis of water quality data. Ecological Modelling, 138, 193-213 (2001).
• E. Zorita and J.F. González-Rouco: Disagreement between predictions of the future behavior of the Arctic Oscillation as simulated in two different climate models: Implications for global warming. Geophysical Research Letters 27, 1755-1758 (2000).
• E. Zorita and A. Laine: Dependence of salinity and oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea on the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Climate Research 14, 25-41 (2000). Also available as GKSS-Report 99/E/14.
• González-Rouco, F., H. Heyen, E. Zorita, and F. Valero: Agreement between observed rainfall trends and climate change simulations in the Southwest of Europe. Journal of Climate 13, 3057-3065 (2000).
• G. Biau, E. Zorita, H.v.Storch and H. Wackernagel: Estimation of precipitation by kriging in the EOF space of the Sea level Pressure field. Journal of Climate 12, 1070-1085 (1999). Also available as GKSS Report No 97/E/45.
• E. Zorita and H.v.Storch: The analog method as a simple statistical downscaling technique:comparison with more complicated methods. Journal of Climate 12, 2474-2489 (1999).
• M. Cui and E. Zorita: Analysis of the sea-level variability along the Chinese coast and estimation of the impact of a CO₂-perturbed atmospheric circulation. Tellus 50A, 333-347 (1998). Also available as GKSS Report No 97/E/19.
• E. Zorita and C. Frankignoul.Modes of North Atlantic decadal variability in the ECHAM1/LSG coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Journal of Climate 10, 183-200 (1997).
• C. Frankignoul, P. Müller, and E. Zorita. A simple model of the decadal response of the ocean to stochastic wind forcing. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27, 1533-1546 (1997).
• J. von Storch, V. Kharin, , U. Cubasch, G. Hegerl, D. Schriever, H. von Storch, and E. Zorita.A description of a 1260-year control integration with the coupled ECHAM1/LSG general circulation model.Journal of Climate 10, 1525-1543 (1997), also available as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.198.
• U. Cubash, H.v.Storch, J. Waszkezwitz and E. Zorita: Estimates of climate changes in southern Europe using different downscaling techniques. Climate Research 7, 129-149 (1996) , also available as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.183.
• H. Heyen, E. Zorita and H.v. Storch: Statistical downscaling of winter monthly mean North Atlantic sea-level pressure to sea level variations in the Baltic sea.Tellus 48 A 312-323 (1996), also available as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.150.
• M. Cui, H. von Storch and E. Zorita. Coastal sea level and the large scale climate state: a downscaling exercise for the Japanese Islands .Tellus 47A, 132 -144 (1995).
• E. Zorita, J. Hughes, D. Lettenmaier and H. von Storch. Stochastic characterization of regional circulation patterns for climate model diagnosis and estimation of local precipitation. Journal of Climate 8, 1023-1042 (1995), also avaiable as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.109.
• H.von Storch, E. Zorita and U. Cubasch. Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scales: an application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime. Journal of Climate 6, 1161-1171 (1993), also available as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.64.
• E.Zorita, V. Kharin and H.von Storch.The atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic area in winter: their interaction and relevance for Iberian precipitation. Journal of Climate 5, 1097-1108 (1992). Also available as Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report No.54.

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• R. Alcalá, E. Zorita and P.J. Alonso. Ni⁺ centers in RbCaF₃ :Application to the study of the 195-K structural phase transition. Physical Review B 38, 11 156 (1988).
• R. Alcalá, E. Zorita, P.J. Alonso,J.M. Spaeth and Th. Hangleiter EPR stud y of Ni⁺ in RbCaF₃ below the cubic- tetragonal phase transition. Solid State Commun. 68, 167 (1988).
• E. Zorita, P.J. Alonso, R. Alcalá, J.M. Spaeth and H. Soethe. ENDOR study of Ni²⁺ in KMgF₃. Solid State Communications 66, 773 (1988).
• R. Alcalá, E. Zorita and P.J. Alonso. Monovalent nickel in K₂MgF₄ :an EPR investigation. Journal of Physics C21, 461 (1988).
• E. Zorita, P.J. Alonso and R. Alcalá.Tetragonal Ni⁺ ions in x- irradiated KMgF₃ :Ni. Physical Review B 35, 3116 (1987).
• P.J. Alonso,E. Zorita and R. Alcalá. Tetravalent vanadium in CaF₂ and SrF₂ crystals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 46, 1351 (1985).
• E. Zorita, P.J. Alonso and R. Alcalá. EPR of V³⁺in SrCl₂. Solid State Communications 56, 61 (1985).

------------------ Other publications -----------------------

• J. Luterbacher, R. Neukom, F.J. González-Rouco, L. Fernandez-Donado, C.C. Raible and E. Zorita. Reconstructed and simulated Medieval Climate Anomaly in southern South America. Pages Newsletter 19, 20 (2011).
• F. J. González-Rouco, L. Fernández-Donado, C.C. Raible, D. Barriopedro, J. Luterbacher, J.H. Jungclaus, D. Swingedouw, J. Servonnat, E. Zorita, S. Wagner and C.M. Ammann. Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition as simulated by current climate models. Pages Newsletter 19, 7 (2011).
• Zorita E. Independent Agency needed. In IPCC: cherish it, tweak it or scrap it ? Nature 463, 731 (2010).
• Zorita E., Paleoclima, in Los cambios del clima, Editorial Darwin, 2007.
• Hegerl et al., Understanding and attributing climate change. Chapter 9 in "Climate Change 2007: The physical basis", Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (2007).
• Wilby RL, Charles SP, Zorita E, Timbal B, Whetton P, Mearns LO, Guidelines for use of climate scenarios developed from statistical downscaling methods. Supporting Material of the IPCC Third Assessment Report, 2004.

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Postgraduate Teaching

I have participated in a few Ph.D Schools:

• The Subtropical Frontier, organized by the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, at the Navarino Environmental Observatory (Greece), June 23rd-July 3rd (2013)
• Climate Modelling School within the Baltic projects Ecosupport and Amber, Norrköping, Sweden, October 2010.
• Climate Change in the Baltic: From global problems to local adaptation, at the Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, September 2010.
• School on Statistical Analysis in Climate Research, Lecce, Italy, October 2009.
• International Advanced PhD Course on Climate Impacts on the Baltic Sea: From Science to Policy, Nexø, Bornholm, Denmark, 27 July - 5 August 2009.
• Time Series Analysis and Modelling of Environmental Data, Seili, Finland, September 2009.
• Climate Impacts on the Baltic Sea: From Science to Policy, Bornholm, Denmark, August 2009.
• Statistical and Dynamical Downscaling, at the International Max-Planck-School on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany, Autumn-Winter 2008-2009.
• Proyección regional de escenarios de cambio climático. Técnicas y proyectos en curso. Universidad de Cantabria, Suances, Spain, 25-29 July, 2007.
• Summer School on Statistical Downscaling, Lodz, Poland, 18-22 June 2007.
• Climate prediction, from the past to the future. Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastian, Spain, 21 - 25 August 2006.

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Co-authors

Rafael Alcalá , Myles Allen, Pablo Alonso, Sergio Alonso, Caspar Amman, Hugo Beltrami Laurent Bertino, Gerard Biau, Pascale Braconnot, Ulrich Callies , Mark Cane , Carlo Casty, Amy Clement, Tom Crowley, Ulrich Cubasch, Maochang Cui, Jan Esper, Mike Evans, Jesús Fernandez, Irene Fischer-Bruns, Erich Fischer, David Frank, Claude Frankignoul, Dolores Frías, Fidel González-Rouco, Hezi Gildor, Hugues Goosse, Isabelle Gouirand, Gabrielle Hegerl, Thomas Hangleiter, Hauke Heyen , Victor Homar, James Hughes, Birgit Hünicke, William Hyde, Julie Jones, Sylvie Joussaume, Masa Kageyama, Alexey Kaplan, Frank Kaspar, Viacheslav Kharin, Marcel Küttel, Ari Laine, Stefanie Legutke, Dennis Lettenmaier , Jürg Luterbacher, Christoph Matulla , Vincent Moron, Peter Müller , Dörthe Müller-Navarra, Didier Paillard, Wilhelm Petersen, Henry Pollack, Kerstin Prömmel, Clemente Ramis, Concha Rodríguez-Puebla, Romualdo Romero, Nadja Riedwyl, Jon Sáenz, Uli Schlese, Dirk Schriever, Hubert Söthe, Jason Smerdon, Johann M. Spaeth, Thomas Stocker, Hans von Storch, Jin von Storch, Simon Tett, Faustine Tilya, Francisco Valero, Hans Wackernagel , Sebastian Wagner, Heinz Wanner, Jörg Waszkezwitz, Rob Wilson, Elena Xoplaki, Juan Zubillaga.

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Past positions

1994-1995. Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie, Paris: Climatological observations seem to indicate that at middle and high latitudes there exist climate oscillations with periods of several decades. The origin of these oscillations may lie in the internal dynamics of the climate sytem, especially in the coupled interacion between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, the available observations do not allow for a clear identification of the physical mechanism that may give rise to those oscillations. The analysis of long-integrations of coupled atmosphere-ocean models may give clues about the real mechanism that are operating in nature. Since the amount of data generated in this integration is enormous, sophisticated statistical techniques to identify oscillations such data sets have been used, such as Singular Spectrum Analysis and Principal Oscillation Patterns.

1989-1993, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg: Possible climate change is currently estimated with numerical models that simulate the present and the future earth climate. Their skillful resolution is nowadays of the order 2000 Km and therefore they cannot properly the local and regional features that are important to study the impact of climate change on the environment. One way to overcome this scale mismatch is statistical downscaling techniques: A statistical transfer function is estimated by analyzing observations of the large-scale circulation and the regional climate. This transfer function can be used to translate the changes of the atmospheric circulation simulated by a climate model to changes of the regional climate. The transfer functions may be designed by means of multivariate linear thecniques, such as canonical correlation, or by nonlinear techniques, such as analogue methods, classification methods or neural networks.

1984-1988, University of Zaragoza, Spain. Ph.D. Thesis: Ionic crystals are normally transparent to visible light. However the presence of metallic impurities or lattice point defects may change the optical properties of these crystals by inducing absortion and emission bands in the visible and infrared spectrum. These crytals may then be used, for instance, as active laser materials. Since the optical and magnetic properties of these impurities and point defects are very sensitive to their microscopic environment, these properties can also provide valuable information of their local crystaline structure and about structural phase transitions in the host lattice. With magnetic resonance techniques it is possible to estimate with high accuracy the bonding angles of the impurity and its neighbouring ions. Sometimes the distances between them can also be estimated, thus providing a full three-dimensional picture of the distorted lattice sourrounding the impurity.

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Contact

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Imprint / Impressum